藏族聚落“人神共生”空间的成因与模式特征

The Causes and Characteristics of the Space of “Symbiosis Between Human and God” in Tibetan Settlement

本文针对藏族聚落中普遍存在的神圣空间与世俗空间相伴的空间现象,阐明了"人神共生"的概念,分析其成因,归纳出"人神共生"现象的不同空间模式特征。本文结论有三点:源自人性底层的精神需求是产生"人神共生"现象的内部因素;青藏高原严苛的人居环境是其形成的外部因素。"人神共生"分为寺在村外与寺在村内两种基本空间模式,体现为寺院、白塔、转经筒、拉康等神圣空间与村落、农田等世俗空间的共生关系,神圣空间通过为藏民提供公共服务成为世俗空间的中心。信仰是少数民族聚落研究中的重要思考维度。

This paper clarifies the concept of "symbiosis between human and god"for the spatial phenomenon accompanied by the sacred space and secular space prevailing in Tibetan settlements,analyzes its causes,and sums up the characteristics of different spatial patterns of the phenomenon of "symbiosis between human and god".There are three conclusions in this paper:the spiritual demand derived from the bottom of human nature is the internal factor that produces the phenomenon of "symbiosis between human and god";the harsh living environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an external factor in its formation."The symbiosis of human beings and gods"is divided into two basic spatial modes:the temple outside the village and the temple in the village.It is embodied in the symbiotic relationship between the sacred space such as the temple,the white pagoda,the prayer wheel,Lacan and other secular spaces such as villages and farmland.It has become the center of secular space by providing public services to Tibetans.Belief is an important dimension of thinking in the study of ethnic settlements.