室内空气污染疾病负担研究方法介绍

Review on methods in the disease burden assessment attributable to household air pollution

随着我国经济的快速发展,现代人的生活和工作方式已经发生了极大的改变,室内空气污染为主要标志的第三污染时期已经到来。现有数据表明,目前我国成年人每天室内活动时间平均占全天81%,室内空气污染与人群健康关系密切。我国当前的室内空气污染研究更多关注了污染物本身浓度水平及其毒理学效应,并未充分评估室内空气污染物造成的人群疾病负担。本文介绍目前国外开展的几项经典的室内空气污染物所致疾病负担的研究案例,例如欧洲六国九大室内危险因素的环境负担评价、美国住宅环境慢性健康影响评价以及全球疾病负担空气污染评价,并总结了我国目前的室内环境疾病负担的研究现状,旨在为进一步推动并完善我国的室内空气质量标准及体系,逐步建立基于室内空气污染疾病负担排序的室内污染控制的优先次序,从而为更好地保护人群健康提供科学参考和依据。

In the past decades, people's work and life styles have dramatically changed during the rapid economic development and urbanization in China. A national survey reported that Chinese adults spend an average of 81% of daily time in indoor environment. Exposure to indoor air pollution plays key roles for human health but is likely to be neglected due on the relatively lower concentration levels and lower awareness among common people. Till now, published studies focus more on the pollution levels or the toxicological effects of indoor air pollutants but there is a lack of disease burden assessment attributable to indoor air pollution. In this review, several international studies were introduced on the disease burden estimation attributable to indoor air pollution, as well as the estimation methods. The current situation of national study was also reviewed. The strengths and limitations of the representative international studies were discussed. This review is helpful in providing data to guide the research on disease burden assessment attributable to indoor air pollution in China, and further helps to prioritize the indoor air pollution control based on disease burden ranking among pollutants and motivate public policies to protect the public health.