我国航空货运空间组织研究

A Spatial Organization Study of Air Freight in China

航空货运是航空物流业重要内容,发展航空货运对深度参与国际分工与合作、服务国家重大战略实施、实现经济结构转型升级、加快推进民航强国建设和实现国家经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文通过对改革开放以来30多年我国航空货运发展的研究,得到中国航空货运空间分布格局及其演变特征。研究表明我国东部地区航空货运集聚特征明显,超大城市、特大城市控制90%以上的航空货运,形成由北京、上海、广州等全国性货运枢纽和昆明、成都、乌鲁木齐、西安等区域性枢纽的枢纽轮辐式网络结构,城市群对航空网络控制日益增强;航空货运仍然以腹地经济为主导,航空公司建设货运枢纽、货运机场深度改变货运空间格局,组织优化航空货运网络对于科学引导和培育航空经济发展具有深远意义。

Air freight is an important content of air logistics industry, the development of air freight is great significance to the in-depth participation in international division of labor and cooperation, the implementation of serving country major strategies, the realization of economic structural transformation and upgrading, and the acceleration of construction of a powerful civil aviation country and realization of high-quality development of the national economy. By the study of development of air freight in China last 30-plus years since the reform and opening up, the spatial distribution pattern and its evolution characteristics of air cargo in China have been obtained. According to the research, the agglomerative characteristics of air goods in eastern China are obvious, more than 90 % of air goods are controlled by supercities and megacities. The hub spokes network structure is formed by national freight hubs such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and regional hubs such as Kunming, Chengdu, Urumqi and Xi’an, and the control of air networks by urban agglomerations is increasing. Air freight is still dominated by the hinterland economy. The construction of freight hubs and cargo airports by airlines are deeply effect on the air freight pattern, and the organization and optimization of air freight networks are of farreaching significance to scientific guiding and cultivating aviation economic development.