共享经济视野下城市网约车监管政策创新——基于全国234篇网约车新政的政策文本分析

Regulatory Policies for Chinese Car-sharing Services from the Perspective of Sharing Economy——Based on 234 Texts Analysis of Car-sharing Services Policies

网约车新政是政府对共享经济进行规范引导的积极探索和示范。本研究运用政策工具理论,对全国234个城市网约车政策文本进行了计量分析,通过工具分类、内容编码、交叉分析技术从政策工具、利益相关者和城市发展水平三个维度剖析了当前网约车新政中存在的问题,并提出了对策建议。研究表明,网约车新政以强制型政策为主,存在管制措施与创新导向的错位;地方网约车新政的制定和执行受到传统迅游出租车群体的干扰,存在政策俘获现象;网约车政策总体偏严、同质化过高,中央政策目标与地方执行的效果存在偏差。政府必须转变监管理念,建立协同自律监管模式,提升精准监管能力,促进新旧业态融合发展。

New rules for car-sharing services of our state makes an active exploration and example to regulate the sharing economy activities. This paper conduct a quantitative analyze and compare for 234 policy texts of the city from policy instruments angle. Factors of Stakeholder and city development level are also introduced into the research to construct a three-dimensional analysis model. Using Content Analysis Technology such as tools classification, content encoding, cross analysis and so on, the defects of new rules are found. That new rules mainly focus on the compulsory policy tools and exist the dislocation of control measures and innovation oriented. Policy-making are interfered excessively by the taxi interests groups leading to policies capturing. In addition, regulations are too strict and homogenous. There is a deviation between national policy objectives and implementation effect of the locals. The government should change the traditional supervising concepts; establish the cooperative self-regulation mode; improve the accurate supervision capability and promote the integration development of new and traditional format.