浙江省某机械加工厂职业病危害现状调查及应对策略

Investigation on occupational hazards and countermeasures in a mechanical processing factory in Zhejiang Province

目的对浙江省某机械加工厂存在的职业病危害现状及采取的防护措施、职业病危害应对策略及其效果进行分析评价。发现存在的问题,对未达到职业病危害防护要求的事项提出改进措施和方法。方法采用职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素现场检测、职业卫生健康检查等方法进行定性定量评价。结果该厂存在的职业病危害因素为粉尘(砂轮磨尘、电焊烟尘和金属粉尘)、有毒化学物(苯、甲苯、锰及其化合物、二氧化氮)和噪声。其中电焊工为粉尘和锰及其化合物的关键控制岗位,电焊烟尘浓度高达5.10 mg/m^3,超过职业卫生接触限值(4 mg/m^3),且锰及其化合物浓度达0.171 mg/m^3,超过职业卫生接触限值(0.15 mg/m^3);下料工和研磨工的接触噪声A 声级分别达80.3 和84.4 dB(A),属于噪声接触岗位,不符合国家的卫生标准要求,应按提出的建议完成整改。结论机械加工厂项目属于"职业病危害较重"的建设项目,需加强对电焊工岗位粉尘和化学毒物防护,提高下料工和研磨工的噪声防护措施,以确保职业病危害应对策略正常运行,加强个人防护措施和职业卫生管理制度落实到位。

[Objective] To analyze the status of occupational hazards,prevention strategies and protective measures in a mechanical processing factory in Zhejiang Province,evaluate the effects of occupational hazards countermeasures,find out the existing problems,and put forward improvement measures for the problems that do not meet the requirements of occupational hazard protection. [Methods]Qualitative and quantitative assessments were conducted using occupational health surveys,on-site testing of occupational hazards,and occupational health checkups. [Results]The main occupational hazards in the plant included dust (grinding wheel grinding,welding fumes and metal dust),toxic chemicals (benzene,toluene,manganese and their compounds, nitrogen dioxide) and noise. The welder was a key control position for dust,manganese and its compounds. The concentration of welding fumes reached 5.10 mg/m^3,which exceeded the occupational health exposure limit (4 mg/m^3),and the concentration of manganese and its compound reached 0.171 mg/m^3,which exceeded the occupational health exposure limit (0.15 mg/m^3). The noise exposure level A of the material feeder and grinder was 80.3 and 84.4 dB(A) respectively,which belonged to the noise contact position and did not meet the national health standard requirements. It should be completed and reorganized according to the proposed recommendations. [Conclusion]The mechanical processing plant project is a construction project with heavy occupational hazards. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of dust and chemical poisons for welder,and improve the noise protection measures of the feeders and grinders,to ensure the normal operation of occupational hazards countermeasures. The personal protection measures should be strengthened,and the occupational health management systems should be implemented.