西安铁路局动车组列车电磁辐射对机车乘务员健康的影响

Influence of electromagnetic radiation on health of trainman in multiple unit trains in Xi’an railway bureau

目的探讨西安铁路局动车组列车电磁辐射对机车乘务员健康的影响。方法以整群随机抽样法,选取西安铁路局动车组机车司机103名、列车员48名作为观察组。另取电力机车司机104名、列车员51名;内燃机车司机100名、列车员54名作为对照组。采用问卷调查的方式对观察组和对照组进行一般情况、健康情况及认知情况调查。测量观察组和对照组人群工作场所中电磁场强度。检测观察组和对照组的血压、心电图、血常规、空腹血糖、肝肾功能等。结果观察组与对照组机车乘务员在自觉疲劳、晨起有怠倦感、上午会有头晕、头痛、犯困等感觉方面及对工作环境中电磁辐射认知方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。动车组机车司机室、车厢内、车厢连接处和电力机车司机室、车厢连接处存在电磁辐射,各检测点电场强度、磁感应强度测量结果均符合职业卫生相关要求。内燃机车内未检测出电场强度、磁感应强度。动车组司机、电力机车司机与内燃机车司机比较,血小板计数升高、淋巴细胞计数降低、谷氨酰胺转移酶水平升高、尿酸水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。动车组列车员与内燃机车列车员、电力机车列车员比较,血小板计数升高、淋巴细胞计数降低、碱性磷酸酶水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本次调查发现动车组列车机车乘务员神经衰弱综合征症状明显,个别生化指标有微小波动,但动车组列车电磁辐射对机车乘务员健康的影响还需进一步研究。

[Objective]To explore the influence of electromagnetic radiation on health of trainman in multiple unit trains in Xi'an railway bureau.[Methods]A total of 103 drivers and 48 trainmen of multiple unit trains in Xi'an railway bureau were selected as exposure group,and 104 drivers and 51 trainmen of electric locomotive,100 drivers and 54 trainmen of diesel locomotive were selected as control group by cluster random sampling. The general situation,health status and cognition of exposure and control group were investigated by questionnaire. The electromagnetic field intensity in workplace of two groups was measured. Blood pressure,electrocardiogram,blood routine,fasting blood glucose and hepatorenal function were detected.[Results]There were statistical significance in the subjective symptoms of tiredness,feeling tired in morning,headache,dizziness and drowsiness in the morning,and cognition of electromagnetic radiation in workplace between the trainman in exposure group and the control group (P<0.05). Electromagnetic radiation was detected in multiple unit driver's room,compartment interior,compartment connection and electric locomotive driver's room,compartment connection. The detect results of electric field intensity and magnetic induction intensity were in accordance with all relevant occupational health requirements. Electric field intensity and magnetic induction intensity weren't detected in diesel locomotive. The drivers of multiple unit and electric locomotive were compared with diesel locomotive drivers,the number of platelets increased,the number of lymphocytes decreased,the concentration of transglutaminase and uric acid decreased. The differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Multiple unit trainmen were compared with the trainmen of electric locomotive and diesel locomotive,the number of platelets increased,number of lymphocytes decreased and the concentration of alkaline phosphatase increased. The differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05).[Conclusion]This investigation found that the neurasthenia syndrome of trainman in multiple unit trains is obvious and some biochemical indicators fluctuate slightly,however the influence of electromagnetic radiation on health of trainman in multiple unit trains needs further study.