2Emsley HC,Hopkins SJ.Acute ischaemic stroke and infection:recent and emerging concepts.Lancet Neurol,2008,7:341-353.
3Katzan IL,Cebul RD,Husak SH,et al.The effect of pneumonia on mortality among patients hospitalized for acute stroke.Neurology,2003,60:620-662.
4Katzan IL,Dawson NV,Thomas CL,et al.The cost of pneumonia after acute stroke.Neurology,2007,68:1938-1943.
5Hilker R,Poetter C,Findeisen N,et al.Nosocomial pneumonia after acute stroke:implications for neurological intensive care medicine.Stroke,2003,34:975-981.
6American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America.Guidelines for the management of adults with hospitalacquired,ventilator-associated,and healthcare-associated pneumonia.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2005,171:388-416.
7Heyland DK,Cook DJ,Marshall J,et al.The clinical utility of invasive diagnostic techniques in the setting of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.Chest,1999,115:1076-1084.
8Torres A,El-Ebiary M.Bronchoscopic BAL in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Chest,2000,117 (4 Suppl 2):198S-202S.
9Cook D,Mandell L.Endotracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Chest,2000,117 (4 Suppl 2):195S-197S.