明代张家口堡军事防御体系及其空间形态特征研究

Research on the Ming Dynasty Zhangjiakou Fort Military Defense Space Systems and Their Morphological Characteristics

营建于明代的张家口堡,是明早期军事管理与防御、后期军事守备与贸易的特定聚落产物。承担不同功能的军堡是张家口现代城市拓展的空间基础,也是该城市的文化之源。通过研究张家口堡的建置沿革,厘清其军镇体制及军事地位;分类型分层级归纳其作为军堡的建置规格与城市防御、街巷防御、建筑防御的空间特征;最后构建城池信息库,运用数字化技术与方法复原了明万历年间的张家口堡,在视觉上较完整地呈现出它的空间形态特征。以期对我国明代军事堡城与文化遗产研究,以及地方文化资源规划具有指导意义。

The Zhangjiakou Fort built in the early Ming Dynasty was a special product of military management and defense,and in the later period military observance and trade.The military fort carrying different functions is the spatial basis for the expansion of Zhangjiakou's modern city and the source of Zhangjiakou's urban culture.This paper has important guiding significance for the study of China's military fortress city and cultural heritage in the Ming Dynasty,as well as local cultural resource planning.It studies the history of the construction of Zhangjiakou Fort in the Ming Dynasty,clarifies the military and town system and military status of the ancient city of Zhangjiakou,analyses the construction specifications of it as a military castle and the spatial characteristics of urban defense,street defense and building defense. At the same time,through the construction of the Zhangjiakou Junbao city information database,it applies digital technology and methods to restore the Zhangjiakou Fort during the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty,and further presents the spatial morphological characteristics of the Zhangjiakou Fort in the Ming Dynasty.