寓意的姿态——法国保护区机制演进的“都市主义”思辨

The Posture of Allegory: To Reflect on "Urbanism" in the Mechanism Evolution of French Safeguarded Sector

借助著名城市规划学者萧伊的"寓意"的姿态审视城市遗产的概念认知过程,揭示该词的创造者乔瓦诺尼赋予其的一种"都市主义"本质。乔瓦诺尼式的"规划"保护城市遗产的模式与新奥斯曼主义奠定了法国保护区规划的"调控"基调,其规划机制经历了从"逆流"走向"整合"的都市主义变革。作为城市遗产保护的社会基石,马尔罗法律也推动着项目操作机制从1980年代以前政府主导的规模整治转向个体自发性的城市更新。结合这种"都市主义"理想模式在法国实践的"社会-空间"障碍性分析,进一步讨论中国历史文化街区的保护机制在当代城市更新中变革的可能性:城市遗产的保护作为一种都市主义。

With the "allegory" gesture of Francoise Choay,this paper examines the conceptual cognitive process of "urban heritage",so as to understand the nature of protection strategy proved by its initiator, Gustavo Giovannoni as a kind of "urbanism". The Giovannistyle "planning" as a model of protection of urban heritage and the Neo-Haussmannism established the "regulating"(Régulateur) keynote of the PSMV of French Safeguarded Sector.Its planning mechanism is undergoing the urbanism revolution from "countercurrent" to "integration". From the 1980 s, law of Malraux, the social cornerstone of its operation mechanism, has also driven the implementation of the project from the government-led largescale renovation model to the individual spontaneous urban renewal model. In conjunction with this analysis of the "social-space" obstacles in the practice of the ideal model of "urbanism" in France, this study further explores the reform possibility of China’s historical and cultural conservation district in the contemporary urban renewal: the protection of urban heritage as a kind of urbanism.