苏格拉底之审及柏拉图之反思

Socrate’s Trial and Plato’s Reflection

苏格拉底的死不是雅典人基于政治原因的结果,而是雅典人法律思维的必然结果。虽然雅典人极为敬重他们的法律,也为他们的法律自豪,但雅典的法律形式主要是程序法,实体法由于内容极为简略而其强制力弱化,这让雅典民众法庭陪审员的自由裁量权大大增加。由于在制度上没有设置对这种权力的限制,导致了权力的滥用。这让柏拉图为之反思并由此开始了对雅典法律程序的改造。他否弃了雅典无论何人皆有可能当选为法官的可能性,也设置了一系列程序来限制权力的滥用,但他没有丢弃雅典原先法律对民众的尊重。

Socrate's death isn't the result of the Athenian polity,but the inevitable result of the Athenian law thinking.Although Athens extremely respect their laws,and take pride in their law,but the legal form of Athens is mainly the procedural ,law,and because of the simple content of the substantive law and weakening of the power to enforce it.It makes Athenian people court have broad discretion in trial,and the system is not set limits on the power,which led to the abuse of power.Plato began to thetransform Athen's legal procedures and gave up the possibility of whoever is possible to be elected as a judge,and also set up a series of programs to limit the abuse of power,but he didn't discarded Athens original law of the people's respect.