论古希腊罗马没有“宪政”

A critical view of Ancient Greece and Rome having the regime of Constitutionalism

“宪政”的政治秩序要求尊重个人的自由权利,理性的法律的统治,真正的民主制,稳定的政治结构。在古希腊和古罗马,国家的权力和要求优于个人的权利,只有民众决议的统治而无普遍的理性的法律统治。由于缺乏统治者和被统治者,治理者和被治理者的同质性和同一性,古希腊罗马的政治体与“宪政”意义上的民主制相差甚远。由于缺乏稳定的政治结构,古希腊罗马难以应对内外的冲突,轻易地导致了政体的蜕变。将“宪政”的概念运用于古希腊和古罗马的政治秩序的描述是错误的,在对这一错误进行批判的过程中阐释“宪政”这一概念的核心性含义及古希腊罗马政制的真实状况。

The political order of the Constitutionalism requires respect for the freedom of the individual,rule by rational law,real democracy,and a stable political structure.In ancient Greece and Rome,the country's power and require take precedence over individual rights.The country was ruled by the people,not ruled by the rational law.It lacked of the homogeneity and identity of the rulers and ruled as well as governors and the governed.The political sys- tem of ancient Greece and Rome is far from the democracy.Because of lacking stable political structure,the ancient Greek and Roman had difficult to cope with conflicts of the internal and external,which easily led to the regime trans- formation.Therefore it is wrong to apply the concepts'of the Constitutionalism to the description of ancient Greek and Rome's political order.In clearing the concept of Constitutionalism,the article points out the real situation of ancient Greek and Roman at the same time.