从“错位的共识”到竞争对手:美国对华政策40年

From the "Mismatched Grand Bargain" to the Emerging US-China Rivalry:Four Decades of the American Policy Toward China

中美建交四十年来,美国对华政策的风向由支持与中国的接触政策,转变为对中国采取更加强硬甚至是遏制性的政策,当政的特朗普政府将中国定位为战略竞争对手和挑战美国的修正主义国家,发动贸易战并且将其升级为了一场与中国的全面冲突。本文认为,美国对华政策风向的转变缘起于双方错位共识的崩塌,即中国欲在与美国的合作中实现现代化与美国愿意帮助中国现代化使其走向西方化的两种共存意愿的崩塌。尽管错位共识崩塌、美中竞争加剧,但两国也并非必然的敌人。在深远的意义上,两国是伙伴同时也是竞争者,接触政策仍然是健康竞争的基础。美国和中国必须找到彼此利益的平衡点,避免不符合双方利益的暴力对抗,寻找管理竞争和继续相互接触的途径。

In the four decades since China and the US established a diplomatic tie,the US policy toward China has shifted away from supporting engagement with China toward a tougher policy and even containment The current Trump administration has declared China a strategic competitor and revisionist power posing challenges and thus launched a trade war with China and escalated it to a full-frontal conflict.This policy shift has come with the collapse of the mismatched grand bargain in which China's desire to work with the US for its modernization coexisted alongside the US desire to mold China's modernization in the Western image.Although the mismatched grand bargain has collapsed and the US-China competition intensified,the two countries are not inevitable enemies.In a broader sense,they are partners as well as competitors,and engagement is still the foundation for their healthy competition.The US and China must maintain a balance of interest,avoid violent confrontation that serves neither party's interests,and fmd ways of managing their competition and continue engagement with each other.