国际经贸规则与中国国有企业改革

International Economic and Trade Rules and Reform of the Chinese State-owned Enterprises

随着中国深度融入全球经济,国际经贸规则对中国国内制度变迁产生了显著的影响。本世纪初中国政府对WTO的相关承诺就以硬化预算约束的方式推动了国有企业的改革。近年来国有企业与非国有企业之间的公平竞争问题成为中国经济面临的重要课题,也成为西方发达国家重塑国际经贸规则的重要诱因。作为OECD倡导的软法,"竞争中性"原则可以进一步硬化对国有企业的预算约束。鉴于"竞争中性"从软法转化为具有约束力的多边规则尚需时日,中国在有关国际制度的重构或创设中可以稳步提出"竞争中性"的中国方案。

With China's deep integration into the global economy, international economic and trade rules have had a significant impact on China's domestic institutional changes.Early this century,the Chinese government's commitment to the WTO promoted the reform-of the state-owned enterprises in the form of hardened budget constraints.In recent years,fair competition between the state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises has become an important issue facing China's economy as well as a major reason for the Western developed countries to reshape international economic and trade rules.As the soft law of OECD,the "competitive neutrality"principle can further harden the budget constraints on state-owned enterprises.Given that it takes some time to transform the "competitive neutrality"from a soft law to binding multilateral rules,China can steadily propose a Chinese definition of it in the reconstruction or creation of the relevant international systems.