改革开放40年中国经济结构转型研究

Research on China's Economic Restructuring in the 40 Years of Reform and Opening up

40年的改革与发展,中国经济经历了四大转型:从计划经济到市场经济的转型,从封闭经济到开放经济的转型,从二元经济到现代经济的转型,从高生育率到低生育率的转型。这些转型是推动中国经济高速增长的源泉,也是解释经济增长下滑的主要原因,同时还是判断未来经济走向的基本依据。但这些转型仍有不彻底的地方,仍有很大的改进空间。只有实施供给侧改革,才能使这些转型向着有利于可持续增长的方向变化。供给侧改革的关键是解决制度的深层问题,核心任务还在于通过制度改革解决要素的最优配置。通过制度改革,不断降低制度性交易成本,不断提高制度的适应性效率,这才是实现中国经济进一步转型、跨越"中等收入陷阱"的根本举措,更是未来实现国家长治久安的制度保障。

In the last 40 years of reform and development,China's economy has undergone four major transformations from planned economy to market economy,from closed economy to open economy,from binary economy to modern economy,and from high fertility rate to low fertility rate.These transformations are the source of China's rapid economic growth and the main reason for the decline in economic growth.They are also the basis for judging the future economic development.However,they are still incomplete,with much room for improvement.Only the supply-side reform can make them advance in a direction that is conducive to sustainable growth.The key to supply-side reform is to solve the deep-rooted institutional problems.The core task is to ensure the optimal allocation of production factors through institutional reform.Continuing to reduce institutional transaction costs through institutional reform and improving the system's adaptive efficiency are the fundamental measures for China to achieve further economic transformation and avoid the "middle income trap".They are also the institutional guarantee for achieving long-term stability of the country.