2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞成熟调控的分子机制研究进展

Advances in the molecular mechanism of islet β-cell maturation regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus

T2DM的病理生理机制尚不明确,其主要特征是IR及胰岛功能障碍引起的血糖升高。胰岛β细胞的成熟及分泌功能受到复杂的基因调控,糖尿病患者的胰岛β细胞发生了去分化,且在内质网中异常合成错误胰岛素,表观遗传改变,在糖尿病发生发展中有重要意义。本文对T2DM胰岛β细胞成熟调控的分子机制进行探讨,以了解引起胰岛β细胞受损的原因,并对T2DM表观遗传研究进展进行综述。

The pathophysiological mechanism of type 2diabetes (T2DM)is still not clear,and its main characteristic is hyperglycemia induced by insulin resistance (IR)and islet β-cell dysfunction.The maturation and secretion of islet β-cells are regulated by complex genes.Recent studies have shown that the islet β-cells in diabetic patients undergo dedifferentiation,abnormal synthesis of wrong insulin in the endoplasmic reticulum,and epigenetic changes,all of which are of great significance in the development of diabetes.Here,we discussed the molecular mechanism of maturation regulation of islet β-cells in T2DM,in order to understand the causes of islet β-cells damage,and also reviewed the progress in epigenetics of T2DM.