Bcr-Abl癌基因与A-MuLV病毒诱导肿瘤发生的机理

Mechanism underlying tumorigenesis induced by Bcr-Abl oncogene and A-MuLV virus

Bcr-Abl癌基因是由人类9号染色体的c-Abl基因与22号染色体的Bcr基因易位融合而成,其编码的融合蛋白Bcr-Abl可以诱导人类白血病的发生。Abelson鼠白血病病毒(A-MuLV)是一种逆转录病毒,其癌基因v-Abl可以诱导小鼠B淋巴细胞癌变。Bcr-Abl癌基因和A-MuLV病毒的共同特点是表达Abl癌蛋白(Bcr-Abl和v-Abl)。Abl癌蛋白诱导肿瘤发生与多条信号转导通路的异常活化密切相关。这些信号转导通路主要包括JAK/STAT/Pim、PI3K/AKT/mTOR和RAS/RAF/MEK。此外,Abl癌蛋白诱导肿瘤发生也与重要信号分子的突变或异常修饰,以及关键长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)的异常表达有关。文中对Abl癌基因如何激活主要的3条信号通路进行综述,并介绍参与细胞增殖、抗细胞凋亡等过程的重要蛋白及其与肿瘤发生的关系,为Abl阳性肿瘤的治疗提供了科学参考。

The Bcr-Abl oncogene is produced by the reciprocal translocation between c-Abl gene on chromosome 9 and the Bcr gene on chromosome 22 in human genome. The encoded Bcr-Abl fusion protein is responsible for the pathogenesis of certain human leukemias. Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) is a retrovirus that could lead to transformation of B lymphocyte in mice, and v-Abl is the oncogene of A-MuLV. Abl oncoproteins (such as Bcr-Abl and v-Abl) play critical roles in tumorigenesis of certain cell types. Several signal transduction pathways, including JAK/STAT/Pim, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK signaling pathway, are involved in Abl-mediated tumorigenesis. In addition, Abl-mediated tumorigenesis is associated with mutation or abnormal modification of key signal molecules as well as dysregulation of some critical long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which Abl oncogenes activate three major signaling pathways, and provide a scientific basis for therapy of Abl oncoprotein-induced tumors.