主观社会支持在亲子依恋与儿童抑郁间中介作用

Mediation effect of perceived social support on correlation between parental attachment and depression of children

目的探讨主观社会支持在儿童亲子依恋质量与抑郁水平之间是否产生中介作用。方法于2015年12月,采用父母同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)、简版流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D10)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对安徽省合肥市肥东某学校4～9年级2 721名学生进行调查。结果 2 721名儿童抑郁得分为(8.55±4.7)分,初中生抑郁得分高于小学生,在性别方面不存在差异;母亲依恋得分、父亲依恋得分均为小学生高于初中生,女生高于男生。主观支持得分在学段方面差异有统计学意义,性别方面差异无统计学意义。抑郁水平与父亲依恋(r=–0.249)、母亲依恋(r=–0.261)以及主观社会支持(r=–0.316)之间均存在显著负相关关系(均P <0.01);主观社会支持在亲子依恋质量和抑郁水平的关系之间能产生部分中介作用(Y=–0.085,P <0.001)。结论亲子依恋既能直接影响儿童抑郁水平,还能通过主观社会支持间接影响儿童抑郁水平;帮助儿童提升其社会支持的主观感知能力有助于降低儿童的抑郁水平。

Objective To explore mediating effect of perceived social support on the correlation between parental attachment and depression among children.Methods Using cluster sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 2 721 students of 4-9 grade in a nine-year school in Hefei city of Anhui province. Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-Short Form(CES-D10), and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were adopted in the survey.Results The mean depression score was 8.55±4.7 for all the students;the mean depression score of the junior high school students(7-9 grade)was significantly higher than that of primary school students(4-6 grade)and no gender difference in the score was observed. Both the scores of mother attachment and father attachment of the primary school students were significanbtly higher than those of junior high school students and the girls' scores were significantly higher than those of the boys. There was a significant difference in perceived social support scores among the students of different grade but there was no gender difference in the scores. There was a significant reverse associations of depression score with father attachment score(r=-0.249), mother attachment t(r=-0.261), and perceived social support score(r=-0.316)(P<0.01 for all). The effect of parental attachment on depression was partially mediated by perceived social support(Y =-0.085, P<0.001).Conclusion Parental attachment can affect depression directly and indirectly through perceived social support among primary and junior high school students. Therefore, promoting perceived social support is conducive to reduce depression level among school children.