黑龙江某碱长花岗岩型铌矿石工艺矿物学研究

PROCESS MINERALOGICAL RESEARCH OF NIOBIUM ORE FROM ALKALIC FELDSPAR GRANITE IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

通过化学分析、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、矿物自动定量分析系统(AMICS)等多种测试方法,对某碱长花岗岩型铌矿石的化学成分、矿物组成、结构构造、嵌布特征及铌的赋存状态进行详细研究。结果表明:该矿石中Nb_2O_5品位为0.094%,主要铌矿物为褐钇铌矿、黑稀金矿-复稀金矿,其矿物含量分别为0.07%和0.14%,褐钇铌矿粒径一般为0.01mm～0.02mm,黑稀金矿-复稀金矿粒径一般为0.01mm～0.03mm;铌矿物与伴生矿物的嵌布关系复杂,单体解离难度大,磨矿细度在-200目占87.21%,褐钇铌矿和黑稀金矿-复稀金矿单体解离度分别为57.17%和37.03%,主要与石英、正长石、钠长石、云母、金红石共生。铌元素主要有两种赋存形式,一是以独立矿物的形式存在,主要形成褐钇铌矿、黑稀金矿-复稀金矿和易解石,在独立矿物中铌元素的总分布率为90.69%;二是以类型同象的形式赋存于金红石、云母、锆石及锡石等矿物中,而以分散状态分布的铌元素所占分布率为9.31%。根据矿石的结构构造及赋存特征,推荐采用重选-磁选-浮选-湿法冶金流程实现铌矿物的回收,达到资源综合利用的目的。

Chemical analysis,polarized microscopy,scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS),advanced mineral identification and characterisation system(AMICS)and other tests methods are used to study the chemical compositions,mineral compositions,structural construction,embedding characteristics and occurrence state of niobium in alkali-granite type niobium ore in Heilongjiang Province.It shows that the grade of Nb2O5 is 0.094% in the ore and the main niobium minerals are fergusonite(0.07%)and euxenite-polycrase(0.14%).The particle size of fergusonite is in the range of 0.01 mm^0.02 mm,and the particle size of the euxenite-polycrase is 0.01 mm^0.03 mm.The embedded relationship between niobium minerals and associated minerals are complex and the monomer dissociation is difficult.It reveals that the fineness of grinding is 87.21% in -200 meshes,and the dissociation degree of fergusonite and euxenite-polycrase are 57.17% and 37.03%,respectively,mainly associated with quartz,orthoclase,albite,mica and rutile.There are 2 modes of occurrrences for the niobium element;one is in the form of independent minerals,which mainly occur as fergusonite,euxenite-polycrase and aeschynite.The total distribution of niobium in independent minerals is 90.69%.The other is in the form of isomorphism occurrence in rutile,mica,zircon and cassiterite.Niobium in dispersed state accounts for 9.31%.According to the characteristics of texture,structure and occurrence of ore,gravity separation-magnetic separation-flotation-hydrometallurgical process are recommended for the recovery of niobium minerals and for the comprehensive utilization of resources.