某锌粉厂镉作业工人血镉、尿镉、尿β_2-微球蛋白动态观察

Dynamic observation on the levels of blood and urinary cadmium and urinary β_2-microgloblin among cadmium-exposed workers in a zinc powder processing factory

目的探讨低剂量接触工人尿镉(urinary cadmium,UCd)、血镉(blood cadminm,BCd)及尿β_2-微球蛋白((urinaryβ_2-microgloblin,Uβ_2-MG)的变化。方法检测某锌粉加工厂作业场所空气镉浓度,连续7年对接触工人进行UCd、BCd、Uβ_2-MG检查。结果接触BCd[7. 05(3. 50,11. 80)μg/g],高于对照组[2. 84(0. 92,7. 76)μg/g],差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05); UCd、BCd超标率、脂肪肝检出率分别为24. 1%、56. 6%和39. 8%,高于对照组(8. 9%、33. 3%和22. 2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);观察7年,接触组UCd、BCd和Uβ_2-MG M值分别波动于2. 74(1. 68,4. 29)～4. 42(2. 88,6. 17)μg/g Cr、3. 78(2. 08,5. 80)～10. 23(3. 55,14. 54)μg/g、250. 0(128. 6,449. 2)～436. 0(366. 0,500. 4)μg/g Cr之间,年度间总体比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 01);超标率波动于15. 6%～41. 1%、35. 7%～71. 4%、2. 4%～27. 4%,年度间总体比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 01); UCd水平超标构成比年度间差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。结论接触低浓度Cd可影响镉作业工人UCd、BCd、Uβ_2-MG水平,UCd、BCd、Uβ_2-MG水平处于波动状态。

To explore the changes in urinary cadmium (UCd), blood cadmium (BCd) and urinary β2-microgloblin (Uβ2-MG) levels among low-dose cadmium-exposed workers. Methods We detected the concentration of cadmium in the air of working places of a zinc powder processing factory, and measured cadmium-exposed workers’ UCd, BCd and Uβ2-MG levels for seven consecutive years. Results The M (P25,P75) of BCd in the exposure group (7.05μg/g (3.50μg/g, 11.80μg/g)) was higher than that in the control group (2.84μg/g (0.92μg/g, 7.76μg/g)), showing a statistically difference (P<0.05). The exceeding standard rates of UCd and BCd and the detection rate of fatty liver were also higher in the exposure group than in the control group (24.1% vs. 8.9%, 56.6% vs. 33.3%, 39.8% vs. 22.2%), showing statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). During the 7-year observation period, the median of UCd, BCd and Uβ2-MG in the exposure group fluctuated between 2.74(1.68, 4.29)-4.42(2.88, 6.17) μg/gCr, 3.78(2.08, 5.80)-10.23(3.55, 14.54)μg/g and 250.0(128.6, 449.2)-436.0(366.0, 500.4) μg/gCr respectively, showing statistically significant differences among different years (all P<0.01). The exceeding standard rates of UCd, BCd and Uβ2-MG in the exposure group fluctuated between 15.6%-41.1%, 35.7%-71.4% and 2.4%-27.4% respectively, with statistically significant differences among different years (all P<0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed in the over-standard constituent ratio of UCd level among different years (P>0.05). Conclusions Low-dose exposure to cadmium can affect UCd, BCd and Uβ2-MG levels of cadmium-exposed workers, and the levels of UCd, BCd and Uβ2-MG in these workers show fluctuations.