学习品质:预防儿童学习困难的新视角

Approaches to Learning: A New Perspective of Preventing Children's Learning Difficulties

学习困难是当今学校教育面临的一个严峻问题,其应对关键在于早预防、早干预。学习品质作为儿童后继学习和终身发展的基础,为预防儿童学习困难引入了新的视角。学习品质关注的是儿童"如何学"的问题,反映的是儿童在从事学习活动时的倾向、态度、习惯等。学习品质可分为积极学习品质和消极学习品质,它并非"认知风格""学习风格""非智力因素"等词汇的替代语,它具有"领域一般"性、行为外显性、后天可塑性,而且可以预测儿童未来的数学和阅读学业成绩。未来研究可以进一步探讨学习品质与学业困难的因果关系,并从预防学习困难的角度尝试进行儿童学习品质的干预研究。

Learning difficulty is a serious problem facing today's school education,and the key problem is early prevention and early interventions.Approaches to learning,underlying children's subsequent learning and lifelong development,introduce a new perspective to the prevention of children's learning difficulties.Attaching importance to children's ways of learning and reflecting their learning trends,attitudes and habits,approaches to learning fall into positive and negative approaches.They are not alternatives to 'cognitive styles,''learning styles'or 'non-intelligence factors,'but are featured by 'domain-general',visibility by behavior,plasticity, and prediction of children's future academic achievements in math and reading.The future study can further explore the causal relationship between approaches to learning and learning difficulties,as well as the interventions in children's approaches to learning.