人类基因-环境交互作用实验研究述评

An Overview of the Experimental Study of Gene-Environment Interactions

现有关于基因-环境交互作用问题的研究主要采用相关设计,若能在此基础上进一步采用实验设计进行检验,则能够极大提升研究结果的可信度和科学性。目前的实验研究主要分为实验室研究和自然干预研究两大类。实验室研究主要集中在行为、认知和神经机制三个领域。自然干预研究大多对影响个体发展的外部环境(父母教养、家庭环境等)进行干预,也有部分研究直接对个体进行干预。目前实验研究涉及领域还较少,大多采取单基因-环境设计,实验前未考虑被试的基因型分布情况,且关于基因-环境交互作用神经机制的研究十分匮乏。未来研究可采取多基因-环境设计,通过均衡不同实验条件下携带不同基因型个体的分布情况,进一步深入探究"基因-环境交互作用"的相关脑区与神经通路及其作用机制。

The existing research into ,gene-environment interactions is mainly based on correlational designs; but if experimental research is added,the credibility and objectivity of the results will be enhanced.At present, the experimental research is mainly categorized into the laboratory experiment,which focuses on such areas as behavior,cognition and neural mechanisms,and the natural intervention experiment,which mainly involves interventions in such individual-affected external environments as parenting styles and the family environment,or interventions in individuals themselves.Presently,the experimental study involves insutticient research areas;much of it uses the uni-gene environment design,and fails to consider the distribution of genotypes before the experiment;and there is insufficient research into the neural mechanism for gene-environment interactions.The future study can,based on the multigene-environment design and the balance of the distribution of individuals with different genotypes under different experimental conditions,further explore the cerebral and neural mechanisms related to gene-environment interactions.