内河生态航道建设理论框架及关键问题

Theoretical framework and key issues in ecological inland waterway construction

内河航道建设对河流生态的影响日趋显著,以往的内河航道建设主要集中于航道整治构筑物的结构设计和内河航道护岸型式的研究,而忽略了其对河流生态系统的影响.目前,内河航道生态化建设相对滞后,内河生态航道建设应坚持环境保护和生态航运理念,将生态建设贯穿内河航道建设与运行的全过程.内河生态航道建设以维护河流生态系统的稳定为基础,针对内河生态航道建设研究涉及的河湖水系连通、航道形态改变、河湖生境质量等热点与关键问题,本文通过明确生态航道建设的科学内涵与目标,确定航道建设工程对河流生态环境影响的关键指标体系,构建内河生态航道建设技术框架,提出了未来我国内河生态航道建设需重点关注航道建设与运行过程中所涉及的航道建设标准、评价理论、设计技术等关键技术问题.

Construction of inland waterway gradually affects river ecosystems.Traditional inland waterway construction mainly focuses on structural design of channel improvement and revetment types.Inland waterway construction should be implemented in accordance with environmental protection and ecological navigation principles.Construction of ecological inland waterway should be carried out to maintain stability of river ecosystem.Crucial technical framework could be established through certain indicator system which can accurately reflect influence of inland waterway construction on river ecosystem.Future studies of inland waterway construction should pay attention on waterway construction standard,evaluation theory and design techniques.