基于GIS的中国学生体质与健康数据管理系统设计与实现研究

Chinese student geographic information system based on geographical information system

分析中国学生体质健康与地理信息系统(GIS)的构建技术、空间结构和主要功能.应用主成分分析方法及GIS中的空间插值技术,从体质指标频率矩阵中提取综合指标,用以反映中国学生体质的空间结构.中国学生体质与健康GIS采用三层结构体系,即数据层、中间层和应用层:数据层由空间数据库和属性数据库组成;中间层包括GIS应用逻辑组件和数据库引擎;应用层包括业务功能模块、系统用户界面和用户安全模块.以1979—2014年国家学生体质健康调研数据为核心,结合教育、经济、卫生、环境大数据建立中国学生体质与健康GIS,实现体质数据的跨年代纵向追踪分析、跨地域横向比较分析,为政府管理部门、各级监测机构、科学研究单位等深入认识学生体质横纵向发展变化规律提供科学依据,也为建立全国综合性学生体质与健康GIS提供经验.

Construction technology,spatial structure and main functions of Chinese Student Physical Fitness Geographic Information System (CSPFGIS)were analyzed in the present work.The aim of CSPFGIS was to scientifically manage and apply big data of student physical fitness,to study longitudinal cross-time changes and horizontal trans-regional development in student physical fitness,to correlate physique,education, health,economy and society and to set up application system and data platform.Principal component analysis (PCA)and spatial interpolation were applied in geographic information system.Comprehensive indexes were extracted from matrix of physical fitness index frequency to reflect spatial structure of student physical fitness. GSPFGIS used three-tier structure system:data layer,middle layer and application layer.Data layer consisted of a spatial database and a property database.Middle layer included GIS application logic components and a database engine.Application layer included a business function module,a system user interface,and a user security module.The survey of National Student Physical Fitness from 1979 to 2014 with combined education, economics,health,environmental big data was used to establish CSPFGIS.Cross-generation longitudinal tracing analysis of physical data,cross-regional comparative analysis of physical fitness was achieved.CSPFGIS could provide scientific basis for government departments,monitoring agencies and research institutes at all levels to understand horizontal and vertical development and changes in student physical fitness.This experience can also be used to establish a national comprehensive student physical fitness geography information system.