大鹏澳海域麻痹性贝类毒素时空动态变化特征

The temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Dapeng'ao cove

为了掌握广东大鹏澳海域产麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)藻类的分布状况和贝类染毒情况,于2013年8月至2014年10月在广东大鹏澳海域的牡蛎养殖区、牡蛎养殖外区及湾口海域逐月采集水样以及牡蛎样品进行分析。调查结果显示,大鹏澳海域的牡蛎养殖外区和湾口存在塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarensis),链状亚历山大藻(A. catenella)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)三种PSP产毒藻,但密度较低,时间分布不连续,牡蛎养殖区未发现产PSP毒素藻类。在季节分布上,产毒藻呈现冬季检出率低,春秋季高的特点。在大鹏澳牡蛎样品中共检测出8种PSP成分,分别是GTX1、GTX4、GTX5、dc GTX2、dc GTX3、NEO、C1和C2,贝类中PSP的检出率冬季最高,达66. 7%,秋季、夏季次之,春季最低。PSP产毒藻和贝类染毒在时间上不完全同步,贝类染毒率最高的时间晚于PSP产毒藻最高密度出现时间。

In order to investigate the distribution of the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxic algae and the PSP pollution in shellfish in Dapeng’ao cave,Guangdong,PSP toxic algae collected from August 2013 to October 2014 at oyster aquaculture area (S1),outside of oyster aquaculture area (S2) and the bay mouth area (S3) were indentified and PSP toxin in oyster samples synchronously collected were detected. The results showed that three toxic algae species of Alexandrium tamarenses,A. catenella and Gymnodinium catenatum were identified in S2 and S3 sampling sites, but no toxic species were found in S1 site. Cell densities of all the three algae species in S2 and S3 sites were lower, and could not detected in some months. Detection rates of the toxic algae was lower in winter than spring and summer. Eight toxin profiles GTX1,GTX4,GTX5,dcGTX2,dcGTX3,NEO,C1 and C2 were detected in these oyster samples. The detection rate of PSP toxins in oyster was up to 66. 7% in winter,and declined in autumn-summer and spring,the highest cell density of toxic algae and detection rates of polluted shellfish were not cogradient in time and the latter lagged behind the former.