人类活动的景观生态响应——以个旧市为例

Research on landscape ecological effects of human activity: a case study of Gejiu City

人类活动会对区域景观格局以及生态过程产生影响,定量刻画其景观生态效应具有重要意义。运用景观格局的移动窗口法及基于电流理论的生态网络模型,分析了云南省个旧市2015年与1990年相比由于人类活动导致的景观格局与景观连接度的变化。结果表明:人类活动对研究区景观格局影响显著,分离度指数增加、聚合度指数减小,景观破碎化程度加重。基于多物种电流理论的景观生态网络显示,2015年与1990年相比,无论是电流最大值还是平均值都有所下降,表明研究区的景观连接度情况变差;景观连接度的空间分异明显,研究区南部地区的景观连接度一直处于较高水平,而中东部则始终处于较低水平。基于Zonation模型确定的生态廊道网络显示,廊道总体上趋向破碎化且质量下降,中东部及北部廊道受影响尤为严重,部分原廊道区域退化为非廊道区域。研究表明,区域的人类活动导致景观破碎化程度加大的同时,也降低了区域景观连接度。研究结果可以为个旧市未来道路建设及矿产资源开发下的景观生态保护与保护区的规划建设提供科学依据,也能够为类似研究提供方法上的参考。

Human activity will have an effect on regional landscape patterns and ecological processes. Therefore, it is of great significance to quantitatively depict the landscape ecological effects of human activity. The moving window method was used to quantify the landscape pattern index of Geiju City, Yunnan Province; and an ecological network model based on circuit theory was also implemented. Changes in landscape pattern and connectivity due to human activity in the study area were analyzed between 1990 and 2015. The results show that human activity had a great influence on the landscape pattern of the study area:the SPLIT index increased, along with the degree of landscape fragmentation, and the AI index decreased. A landscape ecological network based on multi-species circuit theory showed that, compared to 1990, in 2015, both the maximum current value and the average current value decreased, indicating that the condition of landscape connectivity had worsened. There were also clearly obvious spatial differences in landscape connectivity between 1990 and 2015. Landscape connectivity in the southern part of the study area remained high, while the landscape connectivity in the central and eastern part of the study area remained low. The ecological corridor network, determined by a zonation model, showed that overall, the corridors tended to be fragmented and their quality was declining. Corridors in the east-central and northern parts of the study area were severely affected:some of the original corridor areas degenerated into non-corridor areas. These results show that human activity led to an increase in the degree of landscape fragmentation, while also reducing the degree of regional landscape connectivity. The research results can provide a scientific basis for future landscape ecological protection and conservation planning during road construction and mineral exploitation in Gejiu City, and can also provide reference methods for similar studies.