基于MEMS陀螺的风洞模型水平姿态动态测量与精度评估

Wind Tunnel Model Horizontal Attitude Dynamic Measurement and Precision Evaluation Based on MEMS Gyros

风洞实验对模型的水平姿态实时动态测量精度的要求不断提高,微小型飞行器模型、高精度的激光陀螺、光纤陀螺惯性测量单元往往在体积、质量方面受到限制,而单一的MEMS系统在水平姿态测量精度方面通常难以达到要求。采用高精度石英挠性加速度计替代MEMS加速度计,与MEMS陀螺进行组合测量。针对加速度计I/F转换脉冲量化及陀螺漂移对动态测量精度的影响,提出了一种基于速度观测Kalman滤波的水平姿态动态测量算法,以提高风洞实验中模型水平姿态的测量精度。提出了在三轴飞行模拟转台上,利用高精度激光陀螺捷联惯导系统的测量结果作为基准进行动态精度评估的方法,解决了安装误差、时间同步等因素对评估精度的影响。通过与其他几种惯性水平姿态测量方法进行精度对比,验证了该算法的技术优势。

With the development of wind tunnel experiments, the real-time dynamic measuring accuracy requirements for the horizontal attitude of a test model is increasing. For small aircraft test models, high precision laser gyro or fiber optic gyro inertial measurement units are often limited in terms of volume and weight, while a single MEMS system usually can't meet the accuracy requirements. In this paper, high precision quartz servo-accelerometers are used instead of MEMS accelerometers, and MEMS gyros are used for combined measurement. Considering the influence of accelerometer I/F conversion pulse quantization and gyro drift on dynamic measurement accuracy, this paper proposes a dynamic measurement algorithm based on Kalman filtering to improve the horizontal attitude measuring accuracy of the test model in wind tunnel experiments. This paper proposes a dynamic precision evaluation method based on the measurement results of high precision laser gyro strapdown inertial navigation system on the triaxial flight simulation turntable, solving the problems due to the influence of installation error, time synchronization and other factors on the evaluation precision. Compared with the precision of other inertial horizontal attitude measurement methods, the advantages of the algorithm are presented.