品种、栽培措施及环境因素对绞股蓝疫病发生的影响研究初报

A Preliminary Report on the Effects of Varieties,Cultivation Methods and Environmental Factors on Occurrence of Blight of Gynostemma pentaphyllum

为了探明外界因素对绞股蓝疫病的影响,有效控制绞股蓝疫病,在绞股蓝主产区的平利县城关镇和长安镇选择不同海拔、土壤pH值、前茬作物、施肥种类以及不同绞股蓝品种等条件下的5个试验点进行绞股蓝疫病发生情况试验。结果表明:绞股蓝疫病发生与生长环境和栽培条件之间有着密切的关系。即:p H值每升高1,病情指数平均约降低10。前茬和间套作物对绞股蓝疫病发生程度均有严重影响,以马铃薯影响最大,番茄次之,辣椒再次之;间套或前茬作物为玉米时,绞股蓝疫病发生相对较轻。海拔每升高100 m,绞股蓝疫病病情指数降低6.4。绞股蓝种植过程中过度施用尿素,疫病发病早且重,施用磷酸二铵+尿素则发病较迟较重,施用农家肥+沼液的病害轻,施用菜籽饼+沼液的发病较迟且最轻。试验弄清了绞股蓝疫病发生的影响因素,即首先是单一使用化肥是导致疫病发生的关键因素,其次是前茬作物,再次是低海拔和低pH值。

In order to find out the influence of external factors on blight of Gynostemma pentaphyllum,and provide basis for effective control,in the main planting areas of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Chengguan town and Chang’an town of Pingli county,5 sites were selected to test the occurrence of blight of Gynostemma pentaphyllum under different conditions,such as different altitudes,soil pH values,previous crops,fertilizer types and varieties of Gynostemma pentaphyllum.The results showed that the occurrence of blight of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was closely related to the growth environment and cultivation conditions.The disease index decreased by about 10 for every increase of pH value.The occurrence of blight was both severely affected by the previous crops and intercropping crops.Potato was the most important factor,tomato was the second,and pepper was the third.The occurrence of blight was relatively light when intercropping or previous crop was corn.For every 100 m elevation of altitude,the disease index of blight decreased by 6.4.The disease of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was earlier and heavier when urea was applied excessively in the planting process.The disease was later and heavier by using diammonium phosphate + urea,the disease was lighter by using farmyard manure + biogas slurry,and the disease was the lightest and later by using rapeseed cake + biogas slurry.The factors influencing the occurrence of blight were found out.Firstly,the single use of chemical fertilizer was the key factor to the occurrence of the disease,secondly,the previous crop,and thirdly,the low altitude and low pH value.