不同饲养方式及发酵床垫料环境对猪生产性能、血液生化指标及肠道消化酶活性的影响

Effects of different feeding methods and bio-bed litters on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in pigs

探讨不同饲养方式及发酵床垫料环境对猪生产性能、血液生化指标及肠道消化酶活性的影响。将75头60日龄苏钟猪随机分为5组:对照组Ⅰ(水泥地饲养,自由采食)、对照组Ⅱ(水泥地饲养,顿饲)、木屑发酵床组(垫料基质为木屑,简称木屑组,自由采食)、酒糟发酵床组(垫料基质为50%酒糟+50%木屑,简称酒糟组,自由采食)、菌糠发酵床组(垫料基质为50%菌糠+50%木屑,简称菌糠组,自由采食),试验期100 d。(1)酒糟组、木屑组和菌糠组各项生产性能都显著优于对照组(P<0.01、P<0.05),料重比酒糟组<菌糠组<木屑组<对照组Ⅱ<对照组Ⅰ。(2)育肥中期,酒糟组血清总蛋白含量最高;酒糟组和菌糠组、木屑组血清白蛋白含量都显著高于对照组;菌糠组和酒糟组、木屑组血清球蛋白含量都显著低于对照组(P<0.01、P<0.05)。酒糟组猪血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);木屑组、菌糠组、对照组Ⅱ血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于酒糟组(P<0.05)和对照组Ⅰ(P<0.01)。菌糠组、木屑组猪血清葡萄糖最高,显著高于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.01)和对照组Ⅱ(P<0.05),对照组Ⅱ血清葡萄糖也显著高于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.05);酒糟组血清胆固醇含量最高,显著高于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.01)和对照组Ⅱ(P<0.05),菌糠组次之,显著高于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.05);对照组猪血清甘油三酯含量显著高于发酵床各组(P<0.01)。(3)育肥后期,各组猪血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量,谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05);酒糟组血清白蛋白含量最高,显著高于对照组Ⅱ和木屑组(P<0.05);发酵床处理组谷草转氨酶活性极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);菌糠组猪血清葡萄糖水平最高,显著高于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.01)和木屑组(P<0.05),酒糟组、对照组Ⅱ血糖浓度次之,显著高于对照组Ⅰ(P<0.05);对照组Ⅱ猪血清甘油三酯含量最高,极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。(4)发酵床处理组猪十二指肠胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中,活性高低依次为菌糠组>酒糟组>木屑组>对照组Ⅱ>对照组Ⅰ。采取发酵床饲养方式,特别是酒糟、菌糠替代木屑作为垫料的发酵床环境,较传统水泥地面和木屑发酵床饲养环境更有利于猪的健康生长。

The effects of different rearing methods and bio-bed litters on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in pigs were investigated in this study.Seventy-five 60-day-old Suzhong pigs were chosen and randomly divided into five groups:control group Ⅰ(cement land,free feeding),control group Ⅱ(cement land,feed restriction),the sawdust group(free feeding),the mushroom bran group(free feeding),and the vinasse group(free feeding).The trial lasted for 100 days.The results obtained were as follows:(1) The growth performance of the vinasse group(P<0.01),the sawdust group,and the mushroom bran group(P<0.05) were significantly better than that of the control groups.(2) In the middle of fattening,the serum TP of the vinasse group was the highest,the serum ALB of the vinasse group(P<0.01),the mushroom bran group and the sawdust group(P<0.05) was significantly higher than that of the control groups,and the serum GLB of the mushroom bran group(P<0.01),the vinasse group and the sawdust group(P<0.05) were significantly lower than that of the control groups.The GOT and GPT activities of the vinasse group was significantly higher than those of the other groups(P<0.05).The AKP activity of the sawdust group,the mushroom bran group and control group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of the vinasse group and control group Ⅰ(P<0.05).The GLU of the mushroom bran group and the sawdust group was significantly higher than that of control group Ⅰ(P<0.01) and control group Ⅱ(P<0.05),and the GLU of control group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control group Ⅰ(P<0.05).The TC of the vinasse group was significantly higher than that of the control groups(P<0.05) and the TC of the mushroom bran group was significantly higher than that of control group Ⅰ(P<0.05).The TG of the control groups was significantly higher than that of the bio-bed groups(P<0.01).(3) In the late fattening period,no significant differences were found in serum TP,GLB,GPT and AKP between the groups(P>0.05).The serum ALB of the vinasse group was the highest,and significantly higher than that of control group Ⅱ and the sawdust group(P<0.05).The GOT of the bio-bed groups was significantly lower than that of the control groups(P<0.01).The GLU of the mushroom bran group was significantly higher than that of control group Ⅰ(P<0.01)and the sawdust group(P<0.05) and the GLU of the vinasse group and control group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control groupⅠ(P<0.05).The TG of control group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.01).(4)The activities of duodenal trypsin and lipase in the bio-bed groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups(P<0.05).To sum up,the bio-bed rearing method,especially of vinasse and mushroom bran instead of sawdust as bio-bed litter is more conducive to the healthy growth of pigs than cement land and sawdust bio-bed environment.