北方不同类型肉牛舍冬季环境状况比较研究

Comparative study on winter environmental conditions of different types of beef cattle barn in the northern China

为探究适合东北地区的肉牛舍设计和管理方案,试验在黑龙江省选择2种具有代表性的牛舍(钟楼式彩钢结构的妊娠牛舍A和双坡式砖混结构的育肥牛舍B),对其冬季温热环境及空气质量进行测定。结果表明:牛舍A内牛只活动时平均温度为-14. 1℃,温度较低;平均相对湿度为87. 1%,较标准值略高;风速、CO2和NH3浓度均适宜肉牛生长。牛舍B内平均温度为-1. 6℃;平均相对湿度为100%,严重超标;舍内风速为0 m/s,CO2和NH3浓度较高,不利于肉牛生长。牛舍A保温层薄、门窗密封不严;牛舍B通风换气系统设计不完善是造成这些问题的主要原因。根据肉牛生长环境要求,牛舍A更适宜肉牛生长。

In order to find out the design and management scheme of beef cattle barn suitable in the northeast China,two types of representative cattle barn in Heilongjiang Province including pregnancy cowshed A with bell tower-type color steel structure and breeding cowshed B with double slope brick-concrete structure were chosen in this experiment,as the objects for determining thermal environment and air quality in winter. The results showed that the average temperature of barn A with cattle was-14. 1 ℃ which was cold,and average relative humidity was87. 1%,which was slightly higher than the standard value; wind speed,the concentrations of CO2 and NH3 were suitable for beef cattle growth.The average temperature of barn B was-1. 6 ℃,and average relative humidity was 100%,which severely exceeded the limit; wind speed was zero and the concentrations of CO2 and NH3 were higher,which were not suitable for beef cattle growth. The main causes of these problems were a thin thermal insulation layer and loosely sealed doors and windows in cowshed A,and imperfect ventilation system design in cowshed B. According to the growth environment requirements of beef cattle,cowshed A was more suitable for beef cattle growth.