2015-2016年华东地区12个繁忙机场大雾低云统计分析

A Statistical Analysis of Fog and Low Cloud at 12 Busy Airports of East China in 2015-2016

本文利用2015-2016年华东地区12个繁忙航站的实况报文(METAR/SPECI)资料,分析了大雾低云的发生时间、风向风速、温度与降水的关系。结果表明:(1)对于华东12个繁忙机场整体而言,较容易发生大雾或低云的天气的月份是3、4、11、12月;(2)浦东低云发生时次较多,其余机场均以大雾为主;(3)大雾或低云发生时次整体上呈现出白天少夜间多的特点,峰值出现在20-00时(UTC)之间;浦东由于受平流影响,在12时就接近峰值,并且夜间分布较为平均;(4)大雾发生时次最多的机场为合肥,其次为南京、浦东、温州、杭州、济南、南昌,其余机场发生大雾时次较少;(5)大雾或低云发生时,各机场风向分布呈现出很强的差异性;风速方面,浦东主要分布在2-5 m/s,其余机场风速主要分布在1-3 m/s;(6)大雾或低云发生时,各机场温度分布亦呈现出很强的差异性;合肥、南京、济南、青岛可出现冻雾,其余机场大雾或低云发生时温度在0℃以上;(7)大雾发生时,可伴随着降水,南京降水时次占比最高,超过30%;降水强度方面,以弱降水为主。在低云发生的时次中,除合肥样本量太少排除外,只有浦东低云时伴随降水,比例约20%。

Using the METAR and SPECI of 2015-2016,we have analyzed the occurrence time, wind direction,wind speed,temperature,and precipitation when fog or low cloud occurred in 12busy airports of East China.The results showed that:(1)fog or low cloud frequently occurred in March, April,November,and December.(2)Most low cloud occurred in Pudong.(3)Most fog or low cloud occurred at night.(4)Most fog occurred in Hefei.(5)When fog or low cloud occurred,the distribution wind direction showed strong differences,and wind speed of Pudong was 2-5m/s,while the wind speed of the rest airports was 1-3m/s.(6)The temperature distribution also differed a lot. Frozen fog occurred in Hefei,Nanjing,Jinan,and Qingdao.(7)Precipitation could accompany fog or low cloud.