湿陷性黄土地基:陶寺城墙建筑技术的关键问题

Collapsible Loess Foundation: Key Issues Concerning Constructing Techniques of Palace Walls on Taosi Site

通过陶寺宫城城墙基础夯土样品密实度的分析,认为陶寺城墙基槽里的填土与夯土的主要建筑工程学意义在于,以换土的方式,层层阻隔地表水和地下水对湿陷性黄生土地基的浸入,从而全部消除地基黄土的湿陷性,以保障地表以上墙体的安全与稳固。基槽内填土与夯土的干密实度都很低,是尽量减小地基垫土自身的重量压力,从而合理减少地基处理的深度、垫土厚度。借鉴埃及前王朝和新王朝时期土坯建筑和新砦城址城墙基础与灰坑内土坯的信息,推测陶寺城墙地表以上墙体很可能是夹心土坯墙。

With analysis results of rammed earth samples collected from the foundation base of palace city walls on Taosi Site, it is believed that,from the perspective of architectural engineering,filling and rammed earth in the foundation trenches acted as replacement and prevented collapsible loess foundation from erosion caused by surface water and groundwater.In this way,there was completely no collapsibility of the loess foundation any more.As a result,safety and stability of the walls above the ground could be ensured.Dry density of filling and rammed earth in the foundation trenches is low.Such a low density helped minimize weight and pressure of the foundation bed as much as possible and reasonably reduced depth of the foundation and thickness of the foundation bed.On the basis of archaeological information of adobe architectures constructed in predynastic Egypt and New Kingdom of Egypt as well as data of foundation base and adobes in the ash pits on Xinzhai City Site,it can be speculated that,on Taosi Site,the walls above the ground may be sandwich adobe walls.