刘庄墓地的埋葬格局

Cemetery Layout on Liuzhuang Site

鹤壁刘庄是迄今为止考古发现的延续时间最长且规模最大的下七垣文化墓地。本文依据墓葬出土物的形制变化,将刘庄墓地分作前后相连的早、中、晚三期,分别与二里头文化二、三、四期相对应。从平面布局观察,该墓地的300多座墓葬较为集中地分布在三个区域,即东、西、南区。从历时性角度观察,可以看出刘庄墓地的形成经过了一个较长的时间。该墓地最晚在二里头文化二期时开始使用,一直沿用至二里头文化第四期。刘庄墓地的格局变化有着自己独有的规律,如墓地有着严格的规划,且在地表有较为明显的标志,墓地东、西、南三个区域的使用有先后顺序等。

The cemetery discovered in Liuzhuang Village in Hebi City is of Xiaqiyuan Culture period. Till now, this cemetery has been known for its longest time span and largest scale. According to changes of excavated objects from the tombs, the cemetery can be divided into three successive phases, i.e. early phase, middle phase and late phase, which respectively correspond to the second phase, the third phase and the fourth phase of Erlitou Culture period. It can be observed from the plane layout that there are over 300 tombs in the cemetery and most of them are concentrated in three zones, i.e. the east zone, the west zone and the south zone. Chronologically, the cemetery formed and developed over a considerably long time. At the latest, the cemetery was put into use during the second phase of Erlitou Culture period. It had been in use until the fourth phase of Erlitou Culture period. Layout of the cemetery changed as time passed by and these changes occurred in a unique pattern. For example, there was strict planning for cemetery use and obvious signs were erected above the ground. Besides, the east, west and south zones were not put into use at the same time but in a sequence.