基于GIS/RS的海岸带生态环境变化研究综述

Review of Hotspots and Frontier Issues of Coastal Ecological Environment Research Based on GIS/RS——From the perspective of visual analysis of CiteSpace

近年来,随着沿海地区经济建设的脚步的不断加快,人们逐渐加大了对海岸带环境资源的开发利用。海岸带填海造陆、滩涂围垦等人类活动的增多使得区域生物及非生物物质发生了剧烈的改变,进而对海岸带生态环境产生了重要的影响。基于此,各国学者尝试通过一系列的技术手段与方法模型对海岸带生态环境时空变化进行相关探究。其中,遥感与地理信息系统技术作为生态环境的重要分析工具,在区域生态环境变化的评估与监测中有着较为广泛的应用。在海岸带生态环境变化的探究中,由于研究目的、角度以及方向的不同,相关学者所使用的研究方法及模型也存在着一定的差别。本文结合海岸带生态环境研究现状,将海岸带生态环境变化研究分成海岸带土地利用/覆被变化研究、景观格局变化研究、海岸线变迁变迁研究、植被变化研究、水土环境表征因子变化研究以及基于指标体系的生态环境变化研究6个主要部分,并分别从这6个部分出发,对海岸带生态环境变化研究的技术、方法与模型进行归纳总结,从而提出未来我国海岸带生态环境变化研究中需要解决的问题以及重点研究方向,为今后海岸带生态环境的深入研究打下坚实的基础。

With the rapid economic development in coastal areas,the utilization of coastal environmental resources enhancedin recent years.The increase of human activities such as land reclamation and tidal beach reclamation in the coastal areas has caused drastic changes in regional biological and non--biological materials,which has an important influence on coastal ecological environment.Scholars from vari- ous countries try to explore the spatial-temporal changes in coastal ecological environment through a series of technical methods.As an important analytical tool for ecological environment,remote sensing and GIS technology have been widely used in the assessment and monitoring of regional ecological environment.In the exploration ofthe changes in coastal zone ecological environment,the methods and models used by scholars involved are different due to different purposes and targets.Based on present sta- tus,we divide the researches on coastal ecological environmentchanges into six main parts :coastal land use/cover change,landscape pattern change,soil and water environment characterization factors, coastline changes,vegetation changes and ecological environment change using indicator system.From these six parts,the techniques,methods and models in ecological environmental changes researches in coastal zone are summarized.The problems and key research directions in the future are put forward.It lays a foundation for further research of coastal ecological environment.