媒体与方法之争及其影响

The “Media vs. Methods” Debate and Its Influence

教育技术与教学设计领域的媒体与方法之争围绕"是教学媒体还是教学方法导致了学习"这一问题展开,克拉克根据有关媒体效果比较的实验研究提出,媒体不影响学习,教学方法才影响学习,同一种教学方法可借助不同的媒体形式予以传输并获得相似的学习效果;考兹玛则主张通过对媒体、方法等多种因素进行综合设计来实现媒体对学习的影响。双方针对对方的观点、关键概念、研究证据、研究方法等展开了激烈争论。这场争论在教育技术与教学设计领域产生了多方面的影响:催生了媒体应用的生态理论;揭示了当前互联网教育应用的关键问题;指引了媒体设计与效果评估的方向。

The " Media vs. Methods " Debate centers on the issue of " which factor influences learning: media or method?" R. E. Clark insisted that it is method, not media, which influences learning based on the experimental research on media comparison, and the same method can be delivered by different media with same effect; R. B. Kozma proposed that by designing media and methods comprehensively, learning can be influenced by media. The debate has impact on the development of educational technology and instructional design: it is a catalyst for the ecological approach of media application, it reveals the key issue in web-based education, and it gives direction for media design and assessment of media effect.