会议室和咖啡馆的两场科学对话比较研究

A Comparison of Two Scientific Dialogues from a Formal Conference Room and a Cafe

随着我国社会经济的发展和城市化进程,以垃圾焚烧、PX(对二甲苯)等项目为代表的"邻避现象"时有发生,加强公众科学对话已成为化解"邻避现象"的重要途径。本研究通过分别安排在正规会议室和咖啡馆的两场对话,为专家、企业、政府部门和公众之间的科学对话提供了一定的探索实践。两场对话的比较分析表明,后者单位时长的发言频次比前者上升了27%;后者专家代表的发言量比前者下降了12%,其他各类代表的发言量所占比例均有不同程度地上升;两场对话中男性的平均发言频次和发言量均高于女性;前者更类似于"答记者问",后者相对更为充分地发表了各自见解。最后简要介绍了几种公众参与形式在德国的研究实践,并指出了科学对话所面临的主要挑战,建议有关方面加强科学对话模式和机制研究,为科学传播实践提供指导。

With the development of social economy and urbanization in China,the phenomenon of"Not in my backyard"(NIMBY)represented by waste incineration and PX(Para-xylene)projects has occurred from time to time in China,as a result,public engagement in scientific dialogue has become quite necessary. In the study,two dialogues arranged in a formal conference room and a cafe may respectively provide some practice for exploring scientific dialogue mechanisms among experts,enterprises, government departments and the public. The comparative analysis of the two dialogues showed that the speaking frequency per unit time of the latter increased by 27% over the former;experts in the former occupied nearly half of the speaking time,while the latter dropped to 38%,the proportion of other representatives’ speaking time increased in varying degrees;the average speaking frequency and volume of men in both dialogues were higher than those of women;the former was more similar to"answering reporters’ questions",while the latter relatively fully expressed their respective views. Finally,it briefly introduced the research of several modes of participation in Germany,and pointed out the main challenges for scientific dialogue to provide some reference for further practice.