机床箱体有限元分析与轻量化设计

Machine Tool Box Structural Analysis and Light Weight Design Based on Finite Element

为实现机床箱体结构的轻量化,在综合考虑机床刚度情况下,提出了基于有限元模拟与灵敏度分析相结合的结构轻量化方法.考虑到简化模型有利于提高有限元计算效率,该方法首先基于不同有限元仿真模拟的结果,逐步简化机床箱体有限元模型,然后通过灵敏度分析获得自变量对目标重量的影响百分比,筛选出合适的优化变量;最后以轻量化为目标建立数学模型,并经过有限元迭代计算获得最优解.以机床的床头箱为例,在保证床头箱满足设计准则的前提下,对其进行轻量化设计并获得较大的减重,说明该方法对工程应用具有一定的指导意义.

In order to realize the lightweight of machine tool box structure,the structural light weight methods based on the finite element modeling and sensitivity analysis were proposed after comprehensive consideration of the stiffness of machine tools machine.Considering that the simplified model was conducive to enhancing the calculation efficiency of the finite element,the method firstly simplified the finite element model of the machine tool box based on different results of finite element simulation.Then,the influence percentage of the independent variable on the target weight was obtained through the sensitivity analysis,and appropriate optimization variables were screened out.Finally,the mathematical model was established with the goal of lightweight,and the optimal solution was acquired by the iterative computations of finite element.Taking the example of the headstock of the machine tool,it is designed to be lightweight and achieve large weight loss within the design criteria,which indicates that this method has certain guiding significance for engineering application.