供给侧结构性改革政策背景下的河北省玉米生产与发展对策研究——基于2003～2016年河北省玉米生产成本收益的面源数据

Corn Production and Development Countermeasures in Hebei Province under the Background of Supply Side Structural Reform Policy

通过对河北省2003~2016年玉米生产成本与收益进行横向与纵向分析,得出以下结论:(1)高产低效低价、无序生产是制约河北省玉米产业发展的主要因素。(2)河北省玉米生产总成本结构比例年际变化显著。物质与服务费呈波动下降趋势,人工成本与土地成本均呈不同程度的增长趋势。且2015和2016年的结构比例为人工成本>物质与服务费>土地成本。(3)人工成本和土地成本占总成本的比例从2003年的39.87%增长至2016年的64.11%,成为玉米生产成本上涨的主要影响因素;肥料费用、农药费用、租赁作业费、其他费用比例整体呈波动减少趋势;种子费用比例波动幅度较小,基本保持不变。并根据国内供给侧结构性改革不断深入,提出在保证数量充足的情况下,根据市场需求推动新品种研发的同时,积极调整储备粮的品种和生产结构,促进玉米生产的有效供给。

Based on the comparative analysis of the production cost and income of corn from 2003 to 2016in Hebei.Province,the results showed high yield,low efficiency,low price and disordered production were the main factors influencing the development of corn industry.The proportion of total cost structure of corn production changed significantly in different years.Material and service fee fluctuate downward trend development,labor costs and land costs have different degrees of growth trend development.In addition,the structural proportion>material and service fee>land cost in 2015 and 2016.The proportion of labor cost and land cost to total cost increased from 39.87% in 2003 to 64.11% in 2016,which became the main factor influencing the increase of corn production cost.The proportions of the expenses of fertilizers,pesticides,lease operating and others showed the fluctuating decreasing trend.The fluctuation range of seed cost proportion remained unchanged basically.Based on the deepening of domestic supply-side structural reform,under the circumstance of sufficient grain,it was proposed to promote the development of new varieties according to the market demand,and actively adjust the variety and production structure of grain reserves to promote the effective supply of maize products.