皖南宏村地域性民居厅堂木作减柱移柱造研究

A Study on Column Reduction in Number and Column Change in Position in Local Residential Hall of Hongcun in Southern Anhui

从工程营造角度,提出"控制柱网"及"实际柱网"的概念,以木结构柱网平面布局为出发点,厘清中国传统建筑营造的理论基础、标准化、工程化及实用性之间的关系。指出《营造法式》殿阁地盘分槽图所透露的"减柱、移柱思维"。在此基础上,分析了皖南宏村民居厅堂木作的减柱、移柱造法的工程特点。从场所的精神意义、地域特征、空间分析、视线分析的角度揭示其工程意义及实际意义,揭示了宏村民居厅堂建筑木作减柱、移柱造法的目的:(1)符合透视原理,通过对中轴线尽端节点的强化,凸显厅堂空间核心地位;(2)符合反透视原理,增强厅堂与其周边建筑空间的融合;(3)通过建筑空间的横向视觉拓展,提升建筑木雕、砖雕、灰塑等的视觉艺术效果。

From the point of view of engineering construction, the concept of "control column network" and "actual column network" is put forward. Base on the perspective of the layout of wooden column network, the relationship between the theoretical foundation, standardization, engineering and practicality of traditional Chinese architecture construction is clarified. And points out that the " column reduction in number and column change in position idea " from the foundation plan of Yingzao Fashi. On the basis of this, the paper analyzes the engineering characteristics of the method of column reduction in number and column change in position made in the hall of residential houses in southern Anhui. From the perspective of the spiritual significance, geographical characteristics, spatial analysis, and line of sight analysis of the site, it reveals the engineering significance and practical significance, and reveals the purpose of the reduction and transfer of wooden columns in the building of the residential hall of Hongcun.(1) According to the principle of perspective, By strengthening the node at the end of the central axis, it highlights the core position of the hall space. (2) Comply with the principle of anti-perspective and enhance the integration of the hall and its surrounding building space; (3) Through the horizontal visual development of the building space, the visual arts effects of architectural wood carvings, brick carvings, and gray sculptures are enhanced.