公共文化场域变迁与文化资本博弈探析——以民初北京旗人知识分子群体为中心

The Transition of Public Cultural Field and Cultural Capital Game——Centering on Beijing Manchu Intellectuals in Early Republic of China

民初转型时期的公共文化场域中有一个常常被学界忽视的人文群体——北京旗人(满族)知识分子,他们大多以市民的身份进入文化场域并参与文化资本的话语博弈。虽然他们的家庭出身、教育背景、政治理念等不尽相同,但其共同之处在于以市民阶层的视角来诠释社会转型场景和普通旗人的生存境遇。他们通过自身的文化认同与生存经验建构出一个在场的民间公共文化场,形成了市民话语传播方式,他们创作的作品与撰写的文章有着共同的理念和基本表征,即作品具有现实警醒的社会教化功能,特别是以满族立场对本族群弊端的省思,对旗人在民初时期真实地面对自身问题、融入"满汉一体"框架,并投身于复兴"中华民族"的潮流中起到了重要作用。他们的时评文章聚焦于对转型时政的批评,同时也普遍关注旗人市民的生存境遇,从而建构出清末民初社会转型时期北京地域现实主义风格的大写意。

An academic community that is made up of Beijing Manchu intellectuals was always neglected in the public cultural field in early Republic of China.Most of them take the status of citizens into the cultural field and participate in the discursive game of cultural capital.Although their family origin,educational background,political ideas and so on are different,but what they have in common is to explain the social transformation scene and the survival situation of ordinary Manchu from the perspective of the citizen class.Based on their own cultural identity and survival experience,they construct a present folk public cultural field,and form the way of communication of citizens'discourse.Their works and articles possess a common concept and basic representation,that is,the work has a realistic wake-up to the social education function.Especially reflections on Manchu's drawbacks from their own position has played an important role in facing their own problems during that period and integrating into the framework of the unity of Manchu and Han so as to devote themselves to the revival of Chinese nationhood.Their event reviews not only focus on the criticism of the transitional politics,but also generally pay attention to the survival situation of the Manchu citizens,so as to construct a great free style of Beijing's regional realism during social transformation in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.