史学理论视野下的唐修正史探析

On the History Compiled by the Official Historian in Tang Dynasty from Historiography's View

对于唐修正史问题的考察,应回到历史"现场",采用历史主义的态度予以整体性观照,进而从史学发展的连续性中探寻唐初史学演进的脉络。唐初政治家、史学家以政治性需求与学术性考量二重性原则为指导,历时30年先后撰成八部正史。从八部正史成书的时间与撰修的过程来看,唐初正史编纂的演进有着内在的逻辑。在运用纪传体撰写断代史已成为修史范式的背景下,唐初当权者对李延寿《南史》与《北史》的成就与地位,采取包容与肯定的态度,从而使唐初正史的编纂兼具断代与会通两种不同风格。在史书性质上,唐初所修八部正史可以分为官修正史和私修正史两大类型。从二十四史成书的历程来看,唐初正史的编纂处于私修向官修的范式转型期。

In order to better understand the history compiled by the official historian in Tang dynasty, we should have a historicism attitude, viewing the history integrally and seeking the process of history in the early Tang Dynasty from the continuous development of the whole history. In the early Tang Dynasty, politicians and historians guided by the duality principles of political needs and academic considerations have compiled eight official books for 30 years. From the time and the process of the eight compilation, the evolution of the compilation of the official history in the early Tang Dynasty can be found their inherent logic. With biography as the mainstream historiography of dynastic history, the authorities hold the tolerant and positive attitude to the achievement of History of Southern Dynasties and History of Northern Dynasties by Li Yan-shou, so that the historiography in the early Tang dynasty presents both dynastic and successive. From the nature of history books, the eight history books compiled in early Tang dynasty can be divided into two types, official and nonofficial. From the process of the Twenty-Four histories compilation, the official compilation in early Tang Dynasty is in transition from the nonofficial historiography to official one.