南汇东滩湿地海三棱藨草的生态修复效果研究

A Study on the Effect of Ecological Restoration and Reconstruction of Scirpus Mariqueter Community:A case of Nanhui Coasts

南汇东滩湿地由于过度的围垦活动,导致严重退化,本研究旨在通过人工干预的方式,恢复湿地原有的海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)生态系统,并对海三棱藨草的生态修复效果进行研究。在对南汇东滩湿地海三棱藨草生态系统调研基础上,于2016年4月实施重建海三棱藨草群落工程,海三棱藨草移栽密度为每10m^2一簇(20株,面积约0.04m^2),重建区域面积10hm^2。通过比较修复区与对照区土壤有机碳、总氮、总磷及大型底栖动物的差异,探究该工程的生态修复效果。结果显示,海三棱藨草在修复区内长势良好,覆盖率由移栽初期的0.4%到10月份的83.4%,面积扩增208.5倍;截止到2016年12月份,土壤有机碳与对照区相比提高44.19%,增加显著(P<0.05),土壤中总氮、总磷与对照区相比分别降低17.19%和19.80%,营养盐去除效果显著(P<0.05);2016年10月调查结果显示,修复区内土壤中大型底栖动物的丰度(87ind./m^2)与对照区内大型底栖动物的丰度(53ind./m^2)相比提高61.11%,生态修复效果显著(P<0.05)。本研究通过工程技术手段探究海三棱藨草群落对湿地生态修复的效果,为日后海三棱藨草的保护及退化湿地生态修复提供科学依据。

Due to the excessive reclamation activity,the wetland on Nanhui coasts has been facing a severely degradation.The study aimed to restore the original ecosystem of Scirpus mariqueter,and investigate meanwhile the vegetation effect of ecological restoration by manual intervention.Based on the investigation distribution dynamics and ecosystem of S.mariqueter,the vegetation community density wereconstructed was a cluster(20 trees,about 0.04m^2)per 10m^2 in Nanhui East mudflats,where the total restored area was 10hm^2.Through comparing the diversity of TOC,TN,TP and macrofauna in restoration and contrast area soils,we could explore the ecological restoration effects of the project finally.Results showed that:(1)in the area of restoration,the S.mariqueter was in good condition and its coverage rate was up to 83.4% in Oct.from the initial 0.4%.That was to say the vegetation coverage expanded to 208.5times than before;(2)as to Dec,2016,through of comparison and analysis,the TOCincreased 44.9% than the check plot,that was significant(P<0.05).Inversely,the TN and TP declined 17.19% and 19.80%,respectively,and the nutrient removal also affected significantly (P<0.05);(3)judging from the study results,the abundance of macrobenthos in soil in restoration areawas 87ind./m^2,increased 61.11%over that of contrast area(53ind./m^2),the effect of ecological restoration was significant(P<0.05).This study explored the effect of S.mariquetercommunity on wetland ecological restoration by means of engineering technique,and provided scientific basis for protection of S.mariqueter and ecological restoration of wetland in future.