基于个体模型水温变动对东海鲐鱼补充量影响模拟研究

An Individual Model Based Simulation Study on Impact of Water Temperature Fluctuation on Recruitment of Chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus) in the East China Sea

日本鲐(Scomber japonicus)是我国近海重要经济鱼种,在生长早期,水温变动对其资源量影响很大。运用基于个体的东海鲐鱼生长初期生态模型,模拟水温变动对其生长和存活率的影响。研究发现,一维条件下,鲐鱼的鱼卵仔幼鱼的生长和生存对水温较敏感,仔幼鱼所处的水温越接近适宜水温(20℃),对鲐鱼的生长和生存越有利,水温高(24℃)比水温低(16℃)对鲐鱼成长和生存更有利一些。三维数值实验结果显示,随着水温的增高,最终幼鱼的体长和存活量均呈"S"型增加,即水温降低不利于东海鲐鱼的仔幼鱼的生长和发育,原因是在死亡率最高的鲐鱼亲体产卵后15～60天(4月份)期间物理环境决定了鲐鱼最终的资源补充量,该期间仔幼鱼所处的平均水温往往低于最适合水温,所以水温的增高对东海鲐鱼仔幼鱼的生长和存活是有利的。

Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)is one of the important economic fish species in the coastal water of China Sea.In the early growth of chub mackerel,the impact of temperature fluctuation on the resources of this fish species is significant.Based on individual model of early life-history of chub mackerel in East China Sea,the impact of the temperature fluctuation on the growth and survival of its eggs and larvae was simulated.The result showed that the growth and survival of chub mackerel's eggs,larval and juvenile were sensitive to water temperature and favorable and close to the optimum growth temperature (20℃)and high temperature (24℃)was more conductive to them than lower temperature (16℃)in one-dimension model test.In three-dimension model test,with water temperature rises,the final larval body length and survival increased in type "S"which means that lower water temperature was not favorable to the growth and survival of chub mackerel's eggs,larvae and juvenile.The reason is that the marine physical environment in April leaded to the highest mortality rate in 15-60 days (April)after spawning because the mean water temperature is lower than the optimum growth temperature and determines the amount of Chub mackerel's recruitment.So the water temperature increase is favorable for growth and survival of chub mackerel's eggs,larvae and juveniles in the East China Sea.