2006—2015年苏州地区呼吸道感染住院儿童甲型流感病毒感染流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of influenza virus type A in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Suzhou area from 2006 to 2015

目的分析苏州地区儿童呼吸道甲型流感病毒(influenza virustypeA,FluA)感染流行病学特征,为临床合理诊治提供参考依据。方法收集2006年1月份至2015年12月份苏州地区35529例呼吸道感染住院患儿痰标本,采用直接免疫荧光法检测FluA,分析FluA检出情况。各组阳性率比较采用卡方检验。结果35529例患儿FluA总阳性检出率为1.60%,其中男性患儿阳性检出率为1.58%,女性患儿阳性检出率为1.63%,男女患儿FluA感染率无明显统计学差异(χ^2=0.139,P=0.709)。~1岁、~3岁、~7岁、>7岁患儿FluA阳性检出率分别为1.12%、2.49%、1.78%、1.24%,各年龄组检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=75.401,P=0.000)。春夏秋冬四季FluA阳性检出率分别为0.88%、1.44%、1.32%、2.70%,四季检出有统计学差异(χ^2=105.432,P=0.000)。FluA检出具有明显的季节波动性及流行性,冬季FluA检出相对较高,春季相对较低。2009年秋季FluA检出率高达6.55%,为近10年FluA检出最高季节。结论FluA是苏州地区儿童呼吸道感染的重要病原之一,幼儿感染率较高,具有明显的年份及季节流行性,冬季感染率较高,近10年FluA感染处于0.64%~3.49%波动水平。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus type A (FluA) in children with respiratory tract infection, and to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Sputum specimens of 35 529 cases of hospitalized children with respiratory tract diseases from January 2006 to December 2015 in Suzhou were collected. FluA was detected by direct immunofluorescence and the FluA detection result was analyzed. Groups were compared with chi-square test. Results The FluA infection rate was 1.60% in 35 529 children. The FluA infection rate of boys was 1.58%, and the rate of girls was 1.63%. There was no obvious statistically significant difference in sex (χ^2=0.139, P=0.709). The FluA infection rates of children at the age of less than 1 year, less than 3 years, less than 7 years and older than 7 years respectively were 1.12%, 2.49%, 1.78%, and 1.24%; there was significant differences among these result (χ^2=75.401, P=0.000). The FluA infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively were 0.88%, 1.44%, 1.32%, 2.70%. The rates in four seasons had significant difference (χ^2=105.432, P=0.000). The FluA infection rate was the highest in winter and the lowest in spring. The FluA infection rate was 6.55% in the autumn of 2008, which was the highest in the recent ten years. Conclusions FluA is one of the important pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou area. The infection rate of infant is higher and the epidemic peak is in winter. The FluA infection has obvious epidemic season and year. The FluA infection rates in Suzhou area are 0.64%-3.49%, and there was no outbreak in the recent ten years.