副粘病毒膜融合机制的研究进展

Research progress in membrane fusion process among Paramyxoviruses

副粘病毒科的许多病毒可使人和动物致病。感染发生需要病毒包膜与宿主细胞膜的融合。一般来说,副粘病毒融合蛋白诱导的膜融合需要吸附蛋白的协同作用来实现。但是,吸附蛋白如何将受体信号传递给融合蛋白,并激活融合蛋白,引发细胞融合?其确切的机制尚不清楚,且不同的吸附蛋白激活融合蛋白的具体过程存在明显的差异性。本研究将对副粘病毒膜融合过程中的保守性与特异性进行综述,以期为研究该属病毒的膜融合机制研究提供线索。

The family Paramyxoviridae is a group of viruses that significantly affect human and animal health. Paramyxoviruses are generally thought to enter host cells by direct fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. Membrane fusion, essential for syncytium formation, is not only a pathological hallmark of paramyxoviral infections, but also a kind of mechanism of cell-to-cell viral spread. Nevertheless, the process of membrane fusion is highly conserved, only consisting of two-component fusion apparatus: an attachment protein (HN/G/H) and a fusion (F) protein. However, there is a significant knowledge gap on the mechanism(s) by which HN/H/G couples receptor binding to F-triggering, since different attachment proteins possess special triggering process. In this review, we summarize the general property and distinction of the fusion process during paramyxoviral infection for further research on the pathogenic mechanism.