清末改革重要参考史料——胡思敬《审国病书》探研

A Study on a Late Qing Reform Historical Material——Hu Sijing's Investigating the Illnesses of the Country

著名史学家胡思敬是清末民初保守派代表人物之一,但在其所修的《审国病书》中却尖锐抨击清季时政、吏治,令统治者的丑态曝光于史册。这充分表达了胡思敬将史学看成具有一种独立准则、独立地位的思想。即在传信万世、鉴戒百代的史学宗旨下,历史记载应求直笔,传信史,在大是大非问题上不为君亲隐讳。在传统道德、传统史学理念的指导下,守旧派史家也会如实揭示一些主要的历史真相。因此,不能只鉴于其逆潮流而动的政治思想,便对其所撰史著不加重视,这种因人废言的态度显然是偏颇的。

Hu Sijing,a famous historian,was one of the conservative representatives in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,but he sharply attacked the Qing Dynasty's politics and bureaucracy in his book Investigating the Illnesses of the Country,and exposed the ugliness of the rulers.This fully demonstrates that Hu viewed history writing as independent from politics.He believed in the historiographi- cal tenet of passing on and learning from historical experiences by writing history in a straightforward man- ner.Under the guidance of traditional morality and historiography,conservative historians can also reveal some major historical facts truthfully.Therefore,we should not pay less attention to their historical writings just because of their counter-current political thoughts.