民元黄兴进京与民族问题之应对

Huang Xing's Response to Ethnic Issues in Beijing in 1912

1912年夏秋之交,黄兴应袁世凯之邀北上进京。在京期间,黄兴不仅同逊清皇室之间进行了密切的互动往来,而且在各党团欢迎会的演说中谈论了解决蒙藏危机的看法。民元黄兴北上不仅践行了"五族共和"这一确立现代统一多民族国家的基本原则,而且致力于调和汉、满、蒙、回、藏之关系,这体现了革命党人对平息蒙藏等边疆地区的叛乱,以及融洽五族感情的美好愿望。但值得注意的是,此间黄兴所提倡"民族大同"的民族观,反映了辛亥革命时期革命党人于现代民族国家建构与转型之际在理论及实践层面局限性的一面。

In the summer and autumn of 1912,Huang Xing went to Beijing with the invitation from Yuan Shikai. During his stay in Beijing,Huang Xing not only interacted closely with the abdicated Qing royal family, but also talked about the resolution of the Tibetan-Mongol crisis in many speeches during various party receptions.Huang held the basic principles of the Five Ethnic Groups,trying to reconcile the relationship among Han,Manchu,Mongol,Hui and Tibet.It reflected the good wishes of the revolutionary party to appease the Tibetan and frontier rebellions and establish the harmony between the five ethnic groups.However,it is worth noting that Huang Xing's concept of national commonwealth had limitations in theory and in practice in the transformation of the modern nation-state.