放射性核素Cs^+污染伤口的洗消剂研究

Study on decontaminating agent of radionuclide Cs^+-contaminated wounds

探讨螯合剂(EDTA·Na2、DTPA、EDTMPA)和吸附剂(海藻酸钠和羧甲基壳聚糖)对Cs^+污染伤口的洗消作用。通过皮肤打孔建立大鼠背部体表创伤模型,优化染毒液体积、洗消液体积、染毒时间等洗消实验条件,建立洗消实验模型。选取放射性核素铯的稳定同位素(Cs^+)进行伤口染毒洗消实验,以3种螯合剂和2种吸附剂合适浓度的水溶液作为洗消液,采用一次性伤口脉冲冲洗系统对染毒伤口进行洗消,收集洗消液,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定洗消液中Cs^+含量,计算洗消效率。结果表明:螯合剂EDTA·Na2的洗消效率随着其浓度的增加而逐渐升高,浓度为0.6 mol/L的EDTA·Na2的洗消效率达到74.15%,显著高于生理盐水组(p<0.01)。DTPA的洗消效率与生理盐水组比较没有显著差异。EDTMPA的洗消效率呈现先增加后减少的趋势,与生理盐水组比较,浓度为0.01 mol/L的EDTMPA的洗消效率显著增高(p<0.01),达到76.06%。吸附剂海藻酸钠的洗消效率随着其浓度的增加呈现升高趋势,与生理盐水组比较,3 g/L海藻酸钠的洗消效率显著增高(p<0.05),达到68.22%。羧甲基壳聚糖的洗消效率随着其浓度的增加呈现升高的趋势,与生理盐水组比较,4 g/L的羧甲基壳聚糖有显著性差异(p<0.01),达到74.22%。结果提示,螯合剂(EDTA·Na2、EDTMPA)和吸附剂(海藻酸钠、羧甲基壳聚糖)对Cs^+具有良好的去污效果,有望开发成放射性核素Cs^+污染伤口的高效洗消剂。

The aim of the study was to investigate the decontaminating effect of several chelating agents (EDTA.Na2,DTPA,and EDTMPA)and adsorbents (sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan)on Cs^+-contaminated wounds.A skin punch was used to establish a model dorsal wound in rats.The stable isotope of radioactive cesium was chosen as the target for wound decontamination.An appropriately concentrated solution of three chelating agents and two adsorbents were used as the decontamination fluid.A disposable surgical lavage system was used to flush the contamination wound,and the flushing fluid was collected.The cesium ion content in the flushing fluid was detected by inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometry,and the decontamination efficiency was calculated.The decontamination efficiency increased with the concentration of EDTA·Na2;the efficiency of 0.6mol/L EDTA·Na2 reached 74.15%,which was significantly higher than that of saline water (p<0.01). The decontamination efficiency increased with the concentration of DTPA,but was not significantly different to that of saline water.With the increase of EDTMPA concentrations,the decontamination efficiency first increased and then appeared to decrease.The decontamination efficiency of 0.01mol/L EDTMPA reached 76.06%,which was significantly higher than that of saline water (p<0.01).In general,the decontamination efficiency increased with concentrations of sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan.The decontamination efficiency of 3g/L sodium alginate (68.22%,p<0.05)and 4g/L carboxymethyl chitosan (74.22%,p<0.01)was significantly different compared with that of saline water.The optimization of the decontamination conditions showed that the decontamination efficiency increased with the contamination volume and decontamination fluid volume,and decreased as the increase of contamination time.We concluded that the chelating agents (EDTA.Na2 and EDTMPA)and adsorbents (sodium alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan)have a significant decontaminating effect on Cs^+-contaminated wounds,and have the potential to be developed into a highly efficient decontamination detergent for wound contamination.