美国国内关于中美贸易战论争的焦点与实质

Focus and Essence of US Domestic Debates on Sino-US Trade War

经贸问题是当前中美关系中最敏感、最重要的核心议题。美国发动对华贸易战绝非偶然,特朗普贸易团队对中美贸易现状不满并主张对华强硬、美国两党以及国内越来越多的人反对自由贸易、遏制中国战略性新兴产业和高科技产业的发展以及中国经济复兴是其发起贸易战的三个主要原因。美国国内有关对华贸易战的争论主要围绕是否应该发起贸易战、如何开展贸易战、能否打赢贸易战三个议题展开。美国国内争论的实质是对长期以来自由贸易与贸易保护主义分歧的延续与传承,服务于美国的国家利益,反映了美国两党掣肘与社会矛盾的深化,以及美国文化中的进攻性和对中国的"文化偏见"。鉴于此,中国应在了解美国国内政治和实际情况基础上,做好有针对性的因应之策。

Economic and trade issues are the most sensitive and important issues in Sino-US relations.The United States did not launch a trade war with China by accident.The trade war between China and the United States broke out for three reasons:The Trump administration is unhappy with the current trade situation between China and the United States and takes a strong attitude toward China;there is a growing opposition to free trade from the two major parties and the general public in the United States;the United States intends to curb the strategic development of emerging industries and high-tech industries in China as well as China's economic resurgence.The debate on the trade war with China in the United States is mainly centered on whether they should launch a trade war,how they should fight the war,and whether they could win the war.The debate in the United States is,in essence,the continuation of the long-standing disputes over free trade and protectionism.It is in the national interest of the United States,and also reflects the grapple between the two major parties,deepening social contractions in the United States,the aggressive nature of American culture,and the "cultural bias"against China.Given this situation,China should make its countermeasures on the basis of understanding the domestic politics and practical situation of the United States.