“乡愁”的审美表达与“中国”历史流变的文学书写

Aesthetic Expression of “Nostalgia” and Literary Record of China's Historical Changes

中国不同历史时期文学作品中的"乡愁"主题,随着时代变化而表现出不同的内在审美意蕴,是中华民族生活与民族情感的重要美学书写方式,也是理解"中国"历史流变的有效美学视角之一。鸦片战争前的古代中国,以血缘亲情为基础的宗法社会和"安土重迁"的传统生活模式,使古代中国的"乡愁"表现为一种回望性淑世情怀的坚守。在"中国意识的危机"背景下,近代中国的"乡愁"则伴随着中华民族争取民族独立与解放的抗争努力而表现出一种强烈的批判性自我启蒙探索精神。伴随着中国现代化进程的加速和改革开放后的国家新变,现代中国的"乡愁"成为了中国域内"城市异乡人"与中国域外移民群体"文化异乡人"精神漂泊困境的情感表达方式。而随着全球化的不断发展渗透,当代中国的"乡愁"则在中西文化的再融合中具有了对中国传统文化建构性生产和"中国"世界形象再塑造的功能,从而成为新时代演绎中国故事、讲述中国生活的重要情感纽带之一。

The theme of nostalgia in literary works of different historical periods in China shows different aesthetic implications with changes of times.It is not only an important aesthetic record of the life and national feelings of the Chinese nation,but also provides an effective perspective to understand China's historical changes.In ancient China before the Opium War when the patriarchal society was based on blood relations and people were generally attached to their native land,"nostalgia"appeared as the great aspiration of improving the world through personal efforts.In the context of "Chinese consciousness crisis ","nostalgia"in contemporary China showed a strong critical self-enlightenment and exploration spirit,along with the Chinese nation's struggle for national independence and liberation.With the rapid development of Chinese modernization and the dramatic changes after the reform and opening up,"nostalgia"in modern China has become an emotional expression of bewilderment for "urban aliens"within China and "cultural aliens"among overseas Chinese.With the growing trend of globalization,"nostalgia"in current China has the function of reconstructing traditional Chinese culture and reshaping China's image,thus becomes an important emotional bond in the new era to interpret Chinese stories and Chinese life.