近十年重庆市某区细菌性痢疾流行特征与病例就诊特征分析

Characteristics of epidemic and visiting hospital of bacillary dysentery in a district of Chongqing in recent ten years

目的分析2008—2017年重庆市某区细菌性痢疾流行特征,为制定针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法通过国家传染病报告信息管理系统,提取发病年度在2008—2017年、现住址为重庆市某区的细菌性痢疾病例,采用描述流行病学方法分析流行特征和病例就诊特征。结果2008—2017年重庆市某区细菌性痢疾发病8701例、发病率91.90/10万,发病率2015年最低(63.07/10万)、2008年最高(162.90/10万);夏秋季高发(5357例、占61.57%),发病高峰在7月;男女性别比1.08∶1,男女发病率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=3.59,P>0.05);发病率0岁~组最高(1366.40/10万)、35岁~组最低(27.68/10万),各年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=51100.00,P<0.05),散居儿童发病最多、占40.81%;平均发病率城区(101.58/10万)和乡镇(63.80/10万)差异有统计学意(χ^2=282.65,P<0.05);79.72%的病例于发病后3天内就诊,64.80%的病例到二级医疗机构就诊。结论细菌性痢疾是重庆市某区高发传染病,应在高发季节在重点区域和重点人群中采取针对性防控措施。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of epidemic of bacillary dysentery and visiting hospital in a district of Chongqing from 2008 to 2017, and provide the basis for formulating measures of the targeted prevention and control. Methods The cases of bacillary dysentery with present living address of a district of Chongchin were selected from Chinese Infectious Disease Report Information Management System during 2008—2017. The descriptive epidemiology was taken to analyze the characteristics of epidemic of bacillary dysentery and visiting hospital. Results There were 8 701 cases of bacillary dysentery reported in the district with incidence rate of 91.90/100 000 from 2008 to 2017. The lowest incidence was 63.07/100 000 in 2015 and the highest was 162.90/100 000 in 2008. There was high incidence in summer and autumn with 5 357 cases and accounted for 61.57%,and the morbidity peak was in July. The incidence ratio of the male to female was 1.08∶1 without statistical difference (χ^2=3.59, P>0.05). The incidence was the highest (1 366.40/100 000) in the age group of 0 year- and the lowest (27.68/100 000) in the age group of 35 years-, with statistical difference (χ^2=51 100.00, P<0.05). Most cases were scattered children, accounting for 40.81%. The average incidence was 101.58/100 000 in urban area and 63.80/100 000 in rural area with statistical difference (χ^2=282.65, P<0.05). There were 79.72% of the cases visited doctors within 3 days since disease onset and 64.80% of the cases visiting the doctor in secondary hospitals. Conclusions The bacillary dysentery is the infectious disease with high incidence in a district of Chongqing. The targeted measures of prevention and control should be taken among the key population in the key area in the high risk season.